How to Prevent Sunburned Eyes

How Eyes Get Sunburned

The sun emits both UVA and UVB radiation, both of which can harm your eyes. UVA rays penetrate deeper into the eye and reach the retina, contributing to long-term conditions like macular degeneration. UVB rays, while mostly absorbed by the outer layers of the eye, can damage the cornea and lens, leading to conditions like cataracts. When the eye absorbs too much UV radiation, sunburned eyes occur.

Unlike the skin, which has some natural defenses like melanin to protect against UV radiation, the eyes are largely unprotected. The cornea, lens, and retina are all susceptible to damage from UV light. The cornea acts as the protective outer layer of the eye and is often most affected by sun exposure, leading to inflammation and discomfort. Without proper protection, the lens can also begin to cloud over time, increasing the risk of cataracts.

The risk of sunburned eyes is even higher in environments where UV rays are amplified. For example, water and sand reflect UV rays, increasing exposure to your eyes. Snow can also reflect up to 80% of UV rays, making skiing or snowboarding without eye protection particularly risky. Even cloudy days can pose a threat, as UV rays can penetrate through the clouds. 

Symptoms of Sunburned Eyes 

Just as your skin can show signs of sunburn after a day at the beach, your eyes can exhibit specific symptoms when they’ve been “burned” by UV rays. The symptoms can range from mild discomfort to more severe pain and vision issues depending on the level of exposure. Recognizing these symptoms early is crucial to ensure proper treatment and to prevent long-term damage to your eyes. Common symptoms include:

• Redness and irritation 

• A burning or stinging sensation 

• Increased light sensitivity 

• Blurred vision 

• Watery eyes 

In severe cases, sunburned eyes can lead to more significant discomfort and long-term effects:

• Swollen eyelids 

• Visual disturbances like halos around lights 

• Pain and discomfort 

How to Treat Sunburned Eyes

If you’ve experienced sunburned eyes, the good news is that the condition is usually temporary and can be treated with some simple remedies. Prompt care is important to alleviate symptoms, prevent further discomfort, and speed up the healing process. Here’s how you can treat photokeratitis and relieve the discomfort caused by UV exposure.

Immediate Relief

• Cool Compress: Applying a cool, damp cloth to your closed eyelids can help soothe the burning and reduce swelling. The cool temperature provides relief by calming inflammation and relieving discomfort. Make sure the compress is not too cold, as extreme temperatures could cause further irritation. 

• Lubricating Eye Drops: Artificial tears or lubricating eyedrops can help hydrate and soothe your eyes, washing away irritants and providing relief from the dryness caused by UV exposure. It’s important to choose preservative-free drops, as they’re gentler on your eyes. 

• Resting Your Eyes: Take breaks from screens, bright lights, and any activity that can strain your eyes. Resting in a dark, quiet room can help reduce sensitivity to light and allow your eyes to heal faster. Try not to rub them, either, as this can further irritate the delicate surface of your eyes. 

Medical Treatment

In some cases, especially if the symptoms are severe or persistent, you may need professional medical treatment. This could include:

• Prescription Eye Drops: If your sunburned eyes are causing significant discomfort or inflammation, an eye doctor may prescribe steroid eye drops or anti-inflammatory medications to reduce swelling and speed up healing. 

• Antibiotic Ointments: If the sunburn has led to infection or if your eyes are at risk of becoming infected due to irritation, your eye care provider may recommend antibiotic eye ointments to prevent infection and promote healing. 

• Follow-Up Care: If symptoms of sunburned eyes don’t improve within a day or two, or if they worsen, it’s essential to consult an eye care professional. Persistent symptoms may indicate a more serious condition that requires medical attention. 

Avoiding Further Irritation

During recovery, it’s important to minimize further irritation to your eyes:

• Wear Sunglasses: Protect your eyes from additional UV exposure by wearing sunglasses with 100% UV protection when outdoors. Sunglasses will help shield your eyes from the sun and reduce light sensitivity, allowing for more comfortable healing. 

• Avoid Smoke and Dust: Smoke, dust, and other environmental irritants can worsen symptoms of sunburned eyes. Try to avoid these irritants as much as possible while your eyes heal. 

• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your body and eyes hydrated, which can help support tear production and alleviate dryness. 

Best Practices for Preventing Sunburned Eyes

Prevention is the best way to avoid the discomfort and potential long-term damage caused by sunburned eyes. Just as you protect your skin from harmful UV rays, your eyes need the same level of care and protection. Here are key strategies to help prevent eye sunburns and keep your eyes safe from UV damage:

1. Wear Sunglasses with UV Protection

The most effective way to prevent eye sunburn is by wearing sunglasses that provide 100% UVA and UVB protection. Not all sunglasses are created equal, so look for lenses that specifically block both types of harmful UV rays. When choosing sunglasses, opt for larger or wraparound frames to reduce UV exposure from the sides. Polarized lenses are also an excellent choice, as they help reduce glare from reflective surfaces, offering both comfort and protection. 

2. Use a Wide-Brimmed Hat or Visor

Wearing a wide-brimmed hat or visor can offer extra protection, blocking sunlight from hitting your face and eyes during activities like walking, hiking, or gardening. This provides additional shade and minimizes the exposure to direct UV rays, reducing the likelihood of sunburned eyes.

3. Find Shade During Peak Sun Hours

UV rays are strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., so it’s important to minimize outside time during these hours when possible. If you are outdoors, try to stay in the shade or use sun-blocking structures like trees, umbrellas, or tents. If you have to be out in the sun, make sure you’re wearing sunglasses and a hat to protect your eyes.

4. Be Careful in Reflective Environments

Reflective surfaces like water, snow, and sand can bounce UV rays back into your eyes, increasing the risk of sunburned eyes. When spending time around water or snow, wear sunglasses with UV protection to guard against this additional UV exposure. Skiers, snowboarders, and beachgoers should always wear sunglasses, as the reflective surfaces significantly intensify the sun’s impact on your eyes. 

5. Wear UV-Blocking Contact Lenses

If you wear contact lenses, consider choosing a UV-blocking option. These lenses provide an additional layer of protection when you’re spending time outdoors. However, UV-blocking contacts should not replace sunglasses, as they do not protect the entire eye (like the eyelids and surrounding skin). Instead, they should be worn alongside sunglasses for optimal protection.

6. Get Regular Eye Exams

Regular eye exams at Clarkson Eyecare will ensure your eyes are protected and healthy. Your eye doctor can check for signs of UV damage, such as cataracts or macular degeneration, and help you take proactive steps to prevent further harm. If you’re concerned about eye sunburn or the effects of prolonged UV exposure, make an appointment for a consultation.